认知翻译学视角下《长生殿》中服饰术语英译的识解重构

Construal Reframing Costume Terms in The Palace of Eternal Youth: A Cognitive Translatology Perspective

中文关键词: 服饰术语  跨文化翻译  认知翻译学  《长生殿》  翻译策略

英文关键词: costume terms  cross-cultural translation  cognitive translation studies  The Palace of Eternal Life  translation strategies

中文摘要:

      以认知翻译学识解理论为框架，剖析《长生殿》杨宪益与戴乃迭译本中的服饰术语翻译，揭示了译者为实现文化深度传递所采用的四种认知重构策略。研究表明，译者超越传统直译 / 意译分野，运用了一系列认知操作：其一，通过调控详略度筛选与重组译文，对繁复术语提炼核心符号，对模糊术语增补关键信息；其二，通过文化认知域的显隐操作搭建语境支架，以前置框架词为具有特殊背景的术语预设认知语境，补偿文化知识缺失；其三，通过协调物理与心理视角切换叙事镜头，将静态结果还原为动态过程，或将客观罗列转化为情感描摹，以增强场景感与共情效果；其四，通过图形 — 背景的凸显重置信息焦点，将注意力从术语的次要物理属性引向其核心社会文化属性。这些策略共同构成一个超越直译 / 意译对立的动态操作模型，为中国古典戏曲中文化专有项的翻译提供了系统的认知解释与方法论参照。

英文摘要:

      Based on the construal theory of cognitive translatology, this paper analyzes the translation of costume terms in Yang Xianyi and Dai Naidie's version of The Palace of Eternal Youth, and reveals four cognitive reconstruction strategies adopted by translators to achieve in-depth cultural transmission. The research shows that translators go beyond the traditional dichotomy of literal/free translation and use a series of cognitive operations: first, screen and reorganize translations by regulating the level of detail, extract core symbols for complex terms, and supplement key information for ambiguous terms; second, build contextual scaffolds through explicit and implicit operations of cultural cognitive domains, preset cognitive contexts for terms with special backgrounds with pre-frame words, and compensate for the lack of cultural knowledge; third, switch narrative shots by coordinating physical and psychological perspectives, restore static results as dynamic processes, or transform objective lists into emotional descriptions to enhance scene perception and empathy; fourth, reset information focus through the prominence of figure-ground, directing attention from the secondary physical attributes of terms to their core social and cultural attributes. These strategies together form a dynamic operation model beyond the opposition of literal/free translation, providing a systematic cognitive explanation and methodological reference for the translation of culture-specific items in Chinese classical operas.